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                                <h1 id="21-&#x80CC;&#x666F;">2.1 &#x80CC;&#x666F;</h1>
<p>&#x5728; Hadoop2.0 &#x4E4B;&#x524D;, &#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; HDFS &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;, NameNode &#x6709;&#x5355;&#x70B9;&#x5931;&#x6548;&#x95EE;(single point of failure (SPOF))&#x9898;.</p>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; NameNode, &#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C; NameNode &#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x53F0;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x6216;&#x8005; NameNode &#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x53D8;&#x6210;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;, &#x5219;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E5F;&#x53D8;&#x6210;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;, &#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E0A;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;.</p>
<p>&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x4ECE;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB; HDFS &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;:</p>
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<li><p>&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x50CF;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x5D29;&#x6E83;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x9884;&#x6599;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;, &#x5728;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x91CD;&#x542F; NameNode&#x4E4B;&#x524D;, &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x5C06;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;.</p>
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<li><p>&#x50CF;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x6216;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5E38;&#x89C4;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;, &#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8FD0;&#x884C; NameNode &#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;.</p>
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<p> HDFS &#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x4E86;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;. &#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x7684; NameNode, &#x505A;&#x5230;&#x4E3B;&#x52A8;/&#x88AB;&#x52A8;(Active/Passive)&#x7684;&#x70ED;&#x5907;&#x4EFD;(hot standby). </p>
<p> &#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x5D29;&#x6E83;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x7684;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684; NameNode, &#x6216;&#x8005;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x6545;&#x969C;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x76EE;&#x7684;. </p>
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